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                                              What  genes are Genes are coded massages that tell cells how to make proteins, proteins are the molecules that control the way cells behave. Our genes decide what we look like and how our body works. Genes are made of DNA and grouped togather to make chromosomes, they are in the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus  is the cell's control  centre. How the cell become cancerous   Cancerous cells are different  from the normal cells, they have faults or mutation in several of there genes which make them divide too often and form a tumor. The genes that are damaged might be: • Genes that encourage the cell to multiple   ( know as oncogenes) • Genes that stop the cell multiplying               ( tumour suppressor  gene) • Genes that repair other damaged  gene   Getting  genes  into cancer cells It is one of the most difficult aspect of the gene therapy. The gene is usually  taken into the cancer cell  by a carrier call

SNAKE VENOM USE AS A MEDICINE , Snake venom is highly  modified  parotid salivary gland secretion that secrets zootoxines. Venoms contain more than 20 different  compounds, mostly proteins, polypeptide, enzymes, and various other substances with toxins and other lethal  proterties serve  to immobilize and digestion of prey animal and defence against threats. SIX  MAZER MEDICAL  USES  FOR THE SNAKE  VENOM: 1) TREATING CANCER -   venom  from  rattlesnake contain a chemical  called crotoxin, it only work on particular kinds of cell (blood and muscles). Research Harnessed  the unique  combination  of targeting  and toxicity  in crotoxin to creat  a cancer treatment, called CB24. 2) REDUCE  BLOOD PRESSURE-  The venom  of the Brazilian  pitviper contain a protein that disrupt  the angiotensin - converting  enzyme (ACE), which rises blood pressure in humans and mammals. Researches  converted venom  into non- toxin ACE blocker, used to treat high blood pressure. 3)

You know  about xenotransplantation Solid organ transplantation ,by most measure a phenomenal success. One potential  solution to organ availability  crises is the use of animal as organ donar for humans ( xenotransplantation). Organ transplantation has been one of the success  stories of the latter part of 20th century, this field now solidly entrenched in modern medical therapy. Since last decades, thousands of the patients received new kidneys, livers, heart and other organs( lung, pancreas, and intestine ) routinely transplanted, clinical results of these interventions have meant the restoration of meaningful, protective and active lives to recipients of all organs. Vexingly, the transplant community has not been able to meet the demand for donar organ, to reduced the overcome finding  a alternative, more plenityful  supply of replacement organs for human transplantation. THE IDEAL DONOR ANIMAL    A long list emerging when we considered  the preferred characteristics

YOU KNOW ? Guinea pig biological  similar to human beings, which make them use in many field of human researches. Guinea pig tissue and organs are extensively  use in research  to develope  new medicine.  LIKE - Beta blocker  to treat  high blood pressure and intestinal ulcers Anti- nausea drug  consist (naturally occurring pain killer substance) enkephalins. USES- IN ALLERGIES AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES-  guinea pig airways are sensitive to allergence so it has been  widely use in asthma studies .  The inhaled medications that the mainstays  of asthma treatment ( orally active- drug) montilukast, a lso use to treat a vaccine  against anthrax, recent new medicine  to treat drug  resistant tuberculosis.  IN INFECTIOUSDISEASES- Sensitivity  of guinea  pigs regarding  some infectious  diseases  are similar to immune difference  system  of humans ,  LIKE-  mycobecteriam tuberculous  and lectospira  icteroids . IN HEARING- The structure of guinea pigs ears sim

YES, YOU KNOW ABOUT LEAPFROGGING ? Recent scientists developed  a method by which transmuting exsisting cells, into a totally new form .  This important discovery could help in generating essential cell in an ailing patient or cancerous agents into benign cells. RESEARCHERS - Stanford university  of medicine, In the laboratory  they have been directaly transformed fully matured mice liver cell into a nerve cell, this process was accomplished  by introduction of just three genes didn't required cells to first inter a pluripotent state  PROCESS-  GENE EXPRESSION FALLOWED WITH TRANSDIFFERENTIATION TECHNIQUES.   Hepatocytes arise from one of three classes of embryonic tissue called the endodermal; neurons from the ectoderms, accomplish  the transformation of hepatocytes, researchers  used a virus to introduce the three genes: Brn2, Ascl1, Myt1l. The hepatocytes  began to exhibit neuronal Characteristics  with in 2 weeks, and express the neuronal gene with in 3 weeks.

HOW IT INFECT THE HUMAN                  Single standed ,enveloped, negative sense, RNA virus which normally  infect rodents where they don't cause disease (work as reserviour) SPREAD -   Hunta virus present in the urin and feaces  of rodents , spread of infection when the people are contact with rodents or their dropping or urins or possibly  to inhale virus from droppings. Very rear possibilities to person to person infection. ON THE BASIS OF DIFFERENT  TYPES OF STRAINS, VIRUS  AFFECTS  DIFFERENT  ORGANS; In lunga, causing hunta virus pulmonary  syndrome (HPS) In kidney, causing  hemorrahagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) However many symptoms of two infection are overlaps  in initial.  HUNTA VIRUS PULMONARY  SYNDROME People with HPS then develope  a cough and shortness of breath, which may become serious , fluid  collects around  the neck and low pressure Death in up to about 50% of the people . Those who servive first few day then recovery is about 2-

why modern medical therapy  work on mesenchymal  stem cells (MSCs) Mesenchymal  stem cell are self- renewing, multipotent, progenitor  cell with multilineage potential to differentiate into cell type of mesodermal  origin. SUCH AS - adipocytes, osteocytes and condrocytes,  while MSCs  are most commonly  isolated from bone marrow  by aspiration process, they are also from other tissue including adipose tissue, placenta, amniotic fluid & umbilical card blood. Main resion - due to their accessibility & convenient  protocols, MSCs have been recognised  as promising  for  cellular therapy, regenerative medicines, and tissue  engineering . IN CELLULAR  THERAPY- This processes take 2-3 weeks. This kind of mature  , fully differentiate  cell  phenotype and the noumber  of the cells though this can be influenced in 3 ways. Firstly by varying in initial seed density  in the culture media Secound through changing  the conditions of the medium during  expansion Third &

WHAT CAUSES OF BELLY FAT ?? There are a number  of factors  that can contribute to a person  becoming overweight & developing any of associated conditions like obesity while you have a great excercise , eat best ,and most healthy food but less focus what the route cause of obesity. First we ' ll take a look at a couple of cause of belly fat. CHRONIC STRESS -  when you are suffered with  chronic  stress ,your adrenal glands releases  harmone like adrenaline & cortisol  flood in blood circulation which  increases  heart rate, blood pressure,  & even belly fat storage,( this is because of deep abdominal fat contain 4 times the cortisol receptors than fat under the skin. Cortisol also signals for glucose to be released into blood streams when glucose isn't used up in blood it's get stored as a fat  Finally when cortisol couple with suger , your insulin level increases , increase  inflammation,  which make you feel lousy & & sugary food m

Stem cell therapy use to treat orthopaedic  conditions. Stem cell are cells that have capability  to self renew by dividing  and to develope in to more mature and specialised cells. It's can be  unipotent  , multinational , pluripotent or totipotent  depending on the noumber  of cell type to which they can give rise. Several types  of stem cells that can be use for different purposes. Embryonic  stem cells Non embryonic stem cells Induced pluripotent  stem cells Cord blood stem cells Amniotic  fluid  stem cells Repair of damaged tissue by using healing  power of mesenchymal  stem cells (MSCs) found  in other body parts or from donar  amblical  card  tissue . Theses MSCs have ability to regenerate worn or damaged cartilage , repair damaged muscles & ligaments, control inflammation and rejuvenate aging cell population . Now a days  these therapy  use to treat rarely curable orthopaedic  conditions.  Osteoarthritis  Chronic tendonitis  Degenerativ

 9 deadlist  viruses Viruse are connecting link between living and non living  things When they Intered  in living cell get multiplied and infect immuno competent individual. 1) Marburg virus 2) Ebola  virus 3) Rabise  virus 4) HIV virus 5) Small pox virus 6) Hanta virus 7) Influenza  virus 8) Dengue virus 9) Rota virus  Humen have been battling viruses from our species had even evolved into its modern form . Some viral diseases , vaccines and antiviral drugs have allowed us to keep infection from  spread  widely and have helped sick people recovery.