You know about xenotransplantation
Solid organ transplantation ,by most measure a phenomenal success. One potential solution to organ availability crises is the use of animal as organ donar for humans ( xenotransplantation).
Organ transplantation has been one of the success stories of the latter part of 20th century, this field now solidly entrenched in modern medical therapy. Since last decades, thousands of the patients received new kidneys, livers, heart and other organs( lung, pancreas, and intestine ) routinely transplanted, clinical results of these interventions have meant the restoration of meaningful, protective and active lives to recipients of all organs.
Vexingly, the transplant community has not been able to meet the demand for donar organ, to reduced the overcome finding a alternative, more plenityful supply of replacement organs for human transplantation.
THE IDEAL DONOR ANIMAL
A long list emerging when we considered the preferred characteristics of animals to be appropriate to be organ donar for humans
●Animal should be of compatible anatomy and physiology for intended organ to function well
● No possibility to cross species ( animal to human) infection should exsist (especially virus)
Non human primates (apes and monkeys) most like human anatomically and physiologically, but they may possibly resistance to human diseases ( HIV and hepatitis B), some monkey viruses ( herpes 8) deadly to human in a matter of days. Finally, ethical obstacle to using non human primate as a donors for human.
The pig with large litter ( up to 10 littermate), short gasteration time ( 4 minths) anatomically and physiologically similar to humans and long history of providing medicinals ( skin, insulin, cardiac prosthesis, cardiac factor for humans has become the most likely condidate for consideration as an organ donor.
IMMUNOLOGICAL BARRIERS AND PRECLINICAL RESULTS
The use of pig organ as xenografts came one step closer to reality with discovery in human of naturally occurring antibody cross - reacting with porcine cell( especially vascular endothelium cells).
These xenoreactive antibodies(IgM & IgGs) may exist as the result of cross reactivity with enteric bacteria, and are found in human. They bind in pig with Alfa 1,3- galactose carbohydrates unit, which morphological similar with ABO blood group antigen , This antigen is very high in noumber in porcine vascular endothelial cell.
Unmodulated, prompt antigen antibody reaction, complement activation, endothelial cell permeability, capillary fibrin deposition with ischemia, hence hyperacute rejection.
A noumber of approaches have been proposed to reduced or eliminate this antigen- antibody interaction, These include antibody absorption through
Pretransplant organs( liver or lung ) or immunoaffanity column perfussion, the continious infusion of antibody depleting carbohydrates, the modification of animal lacking ( or with greatly reduced ) alfa 1,3- Gal antigens and accomodation.
THESE STRATAGIES ARE IN VARIOUS STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT.
Solid organ transplantation ,by most measure a phenomenal success. One potential solution to organ availability crises is the use of animal as organ donar for humans ( xenotransplantation).
Organ transplantation has been one of the success stories of the latter part of 20th century, this field now solidly entrenched in modern medical therapy. Since last decades, thousands of the patients received new kidneys, livers, heart and other organs( lung, pancreas, and intestine ) routinely transplanted, clinical results of these interventions have meant the restoration of meaningful, protective and active lives to recipients of all organs.
Vexingly, the transplant community has not been able to meet the demand for donar organ, to reduced the overcome finding a alternative, more plenityful supply of replacement organs for human transplantation.
THE IDEAL DONOR ANIMAL
A long list emerging when we considered the preferred characteristics of animals to be appropriate to be organ donar for humans
●Animal should be of compatible anatomy and physiology for intended organ to function well
● No possibility to cross species ( animal to human) infection should exsist (especially virus)
Non human primates (apes and monkeys) most like human anatomically and physiologically, but they may possibly resistance to human diseases ( HIV and hepatitis B), some monkey viruses ( herpes 8) deadly to human in a matter of days. Finally, ethical obstacle to using non human primate as a donors for human.
The pig with large litter ( up to 10 littermate), short gasteration time ( 4 minths) anatomically and physiologically similar to humans and long history of providing medicinals ( skin, insulin, cardiac prosthesis, cardiac factor for humans has become the most likely condidate for consideration as an organ donor.
IMMUNOLOGICAL BARRIERS AND PRECLINICAL RESULTS
The use of pig organ as xenografts came one step closer to reality with discovery in human of naturally occurring antibody cross - reacting with porcine cell( especially vascular endothelium cells).
These xenoreactive antibodies(IgM & IgGs) may exist as the result of cross reactivity with enteric bacteria, and are found in human. They bind in pig with Alfa 1,3- galactose carbohydrates unit, which morphological similar with ABO blood group antigen , This antigen is very high in noumber in porcine vascular endothelial cell.
Unmodulated, prompt antigen antibody reaction, complement activation, endothelial cell permeability, capillary fibrin deposition with ischemia, hence hyperacute rejection.
A noumber of approaches have been proposed to reduced or eliminate this antigen- antibody interaction, These include antibody absorption through
Pretransplant organs( liver or lung ) or immunoaffanity column perfussion, the continious infusion of antibody depleting carbohydrates, the modification of animal lacking ( or with greatly reduced ) alfa 1,3- Gal antigens and accomodation.
THESE STRATAGIES ARE IN VARIOUS STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT.
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