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What are the gene therapies uses to treat cancer

                                            
 What  genes are
Genes are coded massages that tell cells how to make proteins, proteins are the molecules that control the way cells behave. Our genes decide what we look like and how our body works.

Genes are made of DNA and grouped togather to make chromosomes, they are in the nucleus of the cell. The nucleus  is the cell's control  centre.

 How the cell become cancerous
 Cancerous cells are different  from the normal cells, they have faults or mutation in several of there genes which make them divide too often and form a tumor. The genes that are damaged might be:

• Genes that encourage the cell to multiple   ( know as oncogenes)
• Genes that stop the cell multiplying               ( tumour suppressor  gene)
• Genes that repair other damaged  gene

 Getting  genes  into cancer cells
It is one of the most difficult aspect of the gene therapy. The gene is usually  taken into the cancer cell  by a carrier called a vector

The Most common important  type of carrier  used in the gene therapy  are viruses, because  they inter in the cells and deliver genetic matterial, Also some time other type  of carrier ( inactived bacteria) uses.

What gene therapy is

Gene therapy  is the theraputic delivery of nuclic  acid into a patient's cell as a drug to treat disease.
Researcher have been developing  
Different types of gene therapy to treat cancer:

1. Boosting the immune response 
This therapy aim to boost the body 's  immune  system ( having  different  types of dimmune cells). Some of them produced  proteins that encourage other immune  cells to destroy  cancer cells. Some type of therapy added genes to a patient's  immune  cells, they destroying  particular  type of cancer.

2. Genes therapies to make cancer treatment  work better 
Some gene therapies put genes into cancer cells  to make the cell more sensitive to particular treatments 
( such as chemotherapy  or radiotherapy ).

3. Pro drug gene therapy 
This thearpy deliver genes into cancer cells that allow the cells to change from an inactive form ( pro drug)  to an active form.

First of all  treat the patient's with Pro drug ( carrier containing gene ) it is circulates in the body and doesn't  harm normal cells. But when it is reaches the cancer cells, it's  activated by the gene and the drug kill the cancer cells.

4. Blocking  processes  that protect cancer cells
Most cells in the body programmed  to die if their DNA is  damaged beyond repair is called programmed  cell death ( apotheosis).

 Cancer cell block this processe so they don't  die even when they are supposed to. Some gene therapy strategies aim to reverse this blockage.

5. Using altered viruses 
Some viruses  infect and kill cells Researcher are working and on way to change these  Viruses so they only target and kill  cancer  cells, leaving  healthy  cells alone.

             
Ex- In drug (T- VEC) uses the strain of (herpes  simplex  virus) that has been changed by altering the gene, so this drug use for treatment of melanoma  skin cancer.

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